The Natural regions of the World - Revision

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Revision Sheet: Class 7 Geography - Chapter 8: Human Environment Interactions – The Tropical and the Subtropical Region




I. Introduction:

This chapter explores the interaction between humans and their environment in two distinct regions: the tropical region (Amazon Basin) and the subtropical region (Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin). We'll examine their climate, vegetation, wildlife, and human adaptations.

II. The Tropical Region (Amazon Basin):

 Location: Lies near the equator, stretching across several South American countries.

 Climate: Hot and humid throughout the year. Heavy rainfall, high humidity, and diurnal temperature range.

 Vegetation: Dense rainforests, also known as "lungs of the earth." Diverse flora, including hardwoods, orchids, bromeliads.

 Wildlife: Rich biodiversity. Examples include monkeys, sloths, anteaters, jaguars, toucans, hummingbirds, piranhas, and caimans.

 Human Life:

   Tribes: Indigenous tribes practice shifting cultivation (slash and burn agriculture).

   Lifestyle: Dependence on forest resources for food, shelter, and medicine. Limited infrastructure development in some areas.

   Rainforest depletion: Deforestation due to logging, agriculture, and mining is a major concern.

III. The Subtropical Region (Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin):

 Location: Located in the Indian subcontinent.

 Climate: Monsoon climate. Hot summers, cool winters, and distinct rainy season.

 Vegetation: Varied vegetation, including grasslands, deciduous forests, and mangrove forests in the delta region.

 Wildlife: Diverse fauna, including elephants, tigers, deer, monkeys, and various bird species.

 Human Life:

   Agriculture: Fertile alluvial plains support intensive agriculture. Rice is the major crop.

   Population Density: Densely populated region.

   Industries: Various industries thrive in the region.

   Challenges: Flooding, pollution, and conservation of resources are major concerns.

IV. Comparison:

| Feature | Tropical Region (Amazon Basin) | Subtropical Region (Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin) |

|---|---|---|

| Climate | Hot and humid | Monsoon climate (seasonal variations) |

| Vegetation | Dense rainforests | Varied (grasslands, forests, mangroves) |

| Wildlife | High biodiversity | Diverse, but different species |

| Human Life | Shifting cultivation, forest-dependent | Intensive agriculture, diverse occupations |

| Population | Sparsely populated in some areas | Densely populated |

| Main Concerns | Deforestation | Flooding, pollution, resource conservation |

V. Questions and Answers:

 What are the main features of the tropical rainforest?

   Answer: The main features include hot and humid climate, heavy rainfall, dense and diverse vegetation, and rich biodiversity.

 Why is the Amazon basin called the 'lungs of the earth'?

   Answer: The Amazon rainforests produce a significant portion of the world's oxygen, hence the name.

 Describe the lifestyle of the people living in the Amazon basin.

   Answer: Many indigenous tribes practice shifting cultivation. They depend on the forest for most of their needs.

 What are the major crops grown in the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin?

   Answer: Rice is the major crop. Other crops include wheat, maize, sugarcane, and jute.

 Why is the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin densely populated?

   Answer: The fertile alluvial plains support intensive agriculture, leading to high population density.

 What are the challenges faced by the people living in the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin?

   Answer: Flooding during the monsoon season, pollution from industrial and agricultural activities, and the need to conserve resources.

 Compare and contrast the climate and vegetation of the Amazon Basin and the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin.

   Answer: (Refer to the comparison table above).

 Explain the term 'shifting cultivation'. What are its disadvantages?

   Answer: Shifting cultivation is an agricultural practice where forest patches are cleared and burned. The ash provides nutrients to the soil. After a few years, the land is left fallow, and a new patch is cleared. Disadvantages include deforestation, soil erosion, and loss of biodiversity.

VI. Further Activities:

 Draw a map showing the location of the Amazon Basin and the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin or mark  the same on the political map

 Evaluate the impact of deforestation on the Amazon rainforest.

 Discuss the importance of sustainable development in both regions.

 

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