Comparative Development Experience of India and its Neighbours

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Introduction


India and its neighbours, Pakistan, China, and Sri Lanka, have had different development experiences since their independence. This chapter will compare and analyze the development experiences of these countries, focusing on their economic growth, social development, and human development indicators.


Economic Growth


- India: India has experienced rapid economic growth since the 1990s, with an average annual growth rate of 7%. The country has become one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world.

- China: China has experienced even more rapid economic growth, with an average annual growth rate of 10% since the 1980s. The country has become the world's second-largest economy.

- Pakistan: Pakistan's economic growth has been slower, with an average annual growth rate of 4-5%.

- Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka's economic growth has been steady, with an average annual growth rate of 5-6%.


Social Development


- India: India has made significant progress in social development, with improvements in literacy rates, life expectancy, and infant mortality rates.

- China: China has also made significant progress in social development, with improvements in literacy rates, life expectancy, and infant mortality rates.

- Pakistan: Pakistan's social development indicators are lower than those of India and China.

- Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka has excellent social development indicators, with high literacy rates and life expectancy.


Human Development Indicators


- India: India's Human Development Index (HDI) rank is 131 (2020).

- China: China's HDI rank is 85 (2020).

- Pakistan: Pakistan's HDI rank is 154 (2020).

- Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka's HDI rank is 72 (2020).


Comparison of Development Indicators

Indicator India China Pakistan Sri Lanka

GDP (nominal) $2.7 trillion (2020) $14.3 trillion (2020) $263 billion (2020) $88 billion (2020)

GDP growth rate 7% (2020) 6.1% (2020) 4-5% (2020) 5-6% (2020)

Literacy rate 77% (2020) 96% (2020) 58% (2020) 92% (2020)

Life expectancy 70 years (2020) 77 years (2020) 67 years (2020) 77 years (2020)

Infant mortality rate 29 deaths/1,000 live births (2020) 9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020) 53 deaths/1,000 live births (2020) 8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020)

Conclusion


India and its neighbours have had different development experiences, with China experiencing the most rapid economic growth and social development. India has made significant progress, but still lags behind China in many indicators. Pakistan and Sri Lanka have had slower development, but Sri Lanka has excellent social development indicators.


Key Takeaways


- Economic growth and social development are important for human development.

- Different countries have different development experiences and priorities.

- India needs to focus on improving its social development indicators, such as literacy rates and life expectancy.



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