MY MARKING SCHEME SOCIAL SCIENCE

 

## Section A: History

1. Correct Option: (b) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

(Marianne is France, Germania is Germany, Conservatism values tradition, Feminist values equality).

2. Correct Option: (d) Johann Gutenberg

3. Correct Option: (d) Giuseppe Mazzini

4. Correct Option: (c) A constitutional monarchy with Louis Philippe at its head.

5. A. The courier represents Napoleon. The statement refers to his defeat at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813.

* Each letter falling from his bag bears the names of territories he lost (like Holland, Switzerland).

* It symbolizes the crumbling of the Napoleonic Empire and the loss of French hegemony in Europe.

OR

B. Artists used the female figure of Marianne to represent the French nation.

* She wore a red cap and tricolour cockade, symbolizing Liberty and the Republic.

* Her statues were erected in public squares to remind the public of the national symbol of unity and to persuade them to identify with it.

6. A. In 1848, the middle-class attempt to unify Germany failed. Consequently:

* The process was taken over by the Prussian monarchy and military.

* Chief Minister Otto von Bismarck used the Prussian army and bureaucracy to achieve unification through three wars over seven years, ultimately crowning Kaiser William I.

OR

B. The main consequence was the sparking of the Belgian Revolution.

* It led to Belgium breaking away from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

* This showed that the territorial arrangements made at the Congress of Vienna were fragile and could be challenged by nationalist uprisings.

7. A. Italian unification involved three major figures:

* Giuseppe Mazzini: Formed Young Italy and provided the ideological foundation.

* Count Cavour: The diplomatic brain who engineered an alliance with France to defeat Austrian forces.

* Giuseppe Garibaldi: Led the "Red Shirts" expedition in the south, winning support from local peasants to drive out Spanish rulers.

* Victor Emmanuel II: He was the King of Sardinia-Piedmont who was finally proclaimed the King of United Italy in 1861.

* Cotton weaving.

* Higher wages for their work.

* Reasons: Contractors exploited the weavers' desperate need for jobs by drastically reducing prices for finished goods. The revolt turned violent because the weavers were treated with scorn and threats when they asked for fair pay, leading them to vent their frustration by destroying the contractor's property.

A. Champaran (Bihar)

B. Kheda (Gujarat)

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## Section B: Geography

10. Correct Option: (c) Appropriate technological development and institutional changes.

11. Correct Option: (a) Biotic Resources, Rocks and Metals

12. Correct Option: (b) A threat to the livelihood of farmers and food security.

13. Correct Option: (d) The Net Sown Area in these states is over 80 percent of the total area.

14. Correct Option: (b) Small is Beautiful

15. Correct Option: (b) To create a global framework for fighting environmental damage, poverty, and disease through shared responsibilities.

16. The difference is due to topography and climate:

* Punjab: Flat fertile plains, perennial rivers for irrigation, and high technological input allow for intensive farming (over 80%).

* Arunachal Pradesh: Hilly terrain, dense forests, and lack of infrastructure make large-scale cultivation difficult (less than 10%).

17. A. Indiscriminate exploitation has caused:

* Global warming due to excessive use of fossil fuels.

* Ozone layer depletion.

* Environmental pollution and land degradation.

* Ecological imbalance and depletion of resources for future generations.

OR

B. Black Soil:

* Formation: Formed from the weathering of volcanic (basalt) rocks.

* Characteristics: Fine-textured (clayey), holds moisture well, and becomes sticky when wet. Rich in calcium carbonate and magnesium.

* Distribution: Primarily found in the Deccan Trap region, covering Maharashtra, Saurashtra, and parts of Madhya Pradesh.

* To ensure the judicious use of resources across regions with vast diversity and uneven distribution.

* Rich resources and raw materials.

* Resources are only useful if there is technology to extract them and institutions to manage them. For example, a region might have minerals, but without mines or factories, it remains economically backward.

I. (p) Gandhi Sagar Dam (Madhya Pradesh) OR (q) Tungabhadra Dam (Karnataka)

II. Locations vary based on student choice (e.g., Marmagao for Goa seaport, Bengaluru for software park).

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## Section C: Political Science

20. Correct Option: (c) I, II and IV

21. Correct Option: (c) A form of power-sharing between political parties, often in a multi-party system.

22. Correct Option: (b) Right to information; transparency.

23. Correct Option: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

24. Majoritarianism is a belief that the majority community should be able to rule a country in whichever way it wants, disregarding the needs of the minority. Sri Lanka is the prime example where the preference for Sinhala speakers led to a civil war.

* Private vs. Public: Women are expected to do all work inside the home (cooking, cleaning), while men work outside.

* Valuation of work: When the same domestic tasks are paid (like a chef or a tailor), men often take up those roles, but unpaid work at home remains "women's work."

* Two-party system: Provides political stability as one party usually gets a clear majority.

* Multi-party system: Allows a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation.

27. A. Economic inequality in democracy:

* A small number of ultra-rich enjoy a highly disproportionate share of wealth.

* The share of the bottom population in total income has been declining.

* In some countries, the poor depend on the rich even for basic food supplies.

* Political parties are often reluctant to take up the issue of poverty aggressively as they fear losing support from the wealthy.

* Democracies often fail to provide equal economic opportunities despite providing equal voting rights.

* To enable everyone to live together by accommodating regional and cultural differences.

* Secular State.

* Both models believe in "Power Sharing" and "Mutual Respect." They ensure that no single group dominates and that minority rights are protected through constitutional safeguards.

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## Section D: Economics

29. Correct Option: (d) Security and respect of others.

30. Correct Option: (b) The shift in employment from the primary sector has not been similar to the shift in GDP.

31. Correct Option: (c) A farmer takes a loan for her crop, the crop fails, and she has to sell a part of her land to repay the debt.

32. Correct Option: (b) Double coincidence of wants

33. Correct Option: (c) The cooperative bank offers a lower interest rate and fair repayment terms, reducing the risk of falling into a debt trap.

34. Correct Option: (a) 1-iv, 2-iii, 3-i, 4-ii

35. SHGs help the rural poor by:

* Providing small loans without the need for collateral.

* Encouraging regular savings habits.

* Empowering women by making them financially self-reliant and providing a platform to discuss social issues.

36. Banks stimulate activity by:

* Mediating between people who have surplus funds (depositors) and those who need funds (borrowers).

* Providing affordable credit for setting up industries or improving agriculture.

* Creating a cycle of investment and consumption that leads to economic growth.

* Job security (proper procedures for dismissal).

* Fixed working hours and payment for overtime.

* Benefits like paid leave, provident fund, and medical insurance.

38. A. Development goals are often conflicting:

* For an industrialist, a dam means more electricity and industrial growth.

* For tribals, the same dam means the loss of their ancestral land, displacement, and loss of livelihood.

* Thus, what may be development for one may actually be destruction for another.

OR

B.

* Positive Role (Salim): Salim, a shoe manufacturer, takes a loan to meet a large order. He completes the work on time, makes a profit, and 

repays the loan. Credit here increased his earnings.

* Negative Role (Swapna): Swapna, a small farmer, takes a loan for cultivation. Her crop fails due to pests. To repay the loan, she has to take another loan or sell her land. She is caught in a debt trap where credit makes her worse off.