The Making of Regional Cultures*

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 *The Making of Regional Cultures*


*Class 7 History Notes*


*Key Points:*


1. *Regional Cultures:* Regional cultures in India are a product of complex processes of intermixing of local traditions with ideas from other parts of the subcontinent.

2. *Manipravalam:* Manipravalam is a language that combines Sanskrit and the regional language. Lilatilakam is a book written in Manipravalam that deals with grammar and poetics.

3. *Kathak:* Kathak is a classical dance form that evolved in the courts of Rajasthan and Lucknow. It was patronized by the Mughal emperors and the nobles.

4. *Temples in Bengal:* Temples in Bengal were built with the support of "low" social groups, such as oil pressers and bell metal workers. The temples were decorated with paintings, ornamental tiles, or terracotta tablets.

5. *Jagannatha Cult:* The Jagannatha cult is an important part of Odia culture. The temple of Jagannatha at Puri was built by Anantavarman, a ruler of the Ganga dynasty.


*Key Figures:*


1. *Anantavarman:* Anantavarman was a ruler of the Ganga dynasty who built the temple of Jagannatha at Puri.

2. *Wajid Ali Shah:* Wajid Ali Shah was the last Nawab of Awadh who patronized the Kathak dance form.


*Key Terms:*


1. *Manipravalam:* A language that combines Sanskrit and the regional language.

2. *Kathak:* A classical dance form that evolved in the courts of Rajasthan and Lucknow.

3. *Dochala:* A double-roofed structure that is characteristic of Bengali temple architecture.

4. *Chauchala:* A four-roofed structure that is characteristic of Bengali temple architecture.


*Important Questions:*


1. What is Manipravalam? Name a book written in that language.

2. Who were the major patrons of Kathak?

3. What are the important architectural features of the temples of Bengal?

4. Why did minstrels proclaim the achievements of heroes?

5. Why did conquerors try to control the temple of Jagannatha at Puri?


*Summary:*


This chapter discusses the making of regional cultures in India, specifically the development of Malayalam, the Jagannatha cult, the Rajputs and traditions of heroism, the story of Kathak, and the growth of regional languages and temple architecture in Bengal.


*Key Concepts:*


- Regional cultures are shaped by local traditions and ideas from other parts of the subcontinent.

- Manipravalam is a language that combines Sanskrit and the regional language.

- Kathak is a classical dance form that evolved in the courts of Rajasthan and Lucknow.

- Temples in Bengal were built with the support of "low" social groups and feature unique architectural styles.


*Revision Tips:*


- Make a timeline of the key events and dates mentioned in the chapter.

- Create flashcards to remember key terms and concepts.

- Practice answering the important questions and past exam questions.





*1. What is Manipravalam? Name a book written in that language.*


Manipravalam is a language that combines Sanskrit and the regional language. A book written in Manipravalam is Lilatilakam, which deals with grammar and poetics.


*2. Who were the major patrons of Kathak?*


The major patrons of Kathak were the Mughal emperors and the nobles, particularly Wajid Ali Shah, the last Nawab of Awadh.


*3. What are the important architectural features of the temples of Bengal?*


The temples of Bengal feature unique architectural styles, including the double-roofed (dochala) and four-roofed (chauchala) structures. The temples were decorated with paintings, ornamental tiles, or terracotta tablets.


*4. Why did minstrels proclaim the achievements of heroes?*


Minstrels proclaimed the achievements of heroes to preserve the memories of heroes and inspire others to follow their example.


*5. Why did conquerors try to control the temple of Jagannatha at Puri?*


Conquerors tried to control the temple of Jagannatha at Puri because it was an important center of pilgrimage and had significant social and political influence.



*Map Work:*


- Mark the regions of Odisha, Rajasthan, and Bengal on a map of India.

- Identify the locations of important temples and cultural centers mentioned in the chapter.


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