Why Do We Need a Parliament? & Judiciary

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Chapter 1: Why Do We Need a Parliament?

Key Points:

- *Role of Parliament*: Parliament is crucial for making laws, overseeing the government, and representing the people.

- *Functions of Parliament*: Law-making, controlling the executive, and providing a platform for discussion.

- *Why Parliament is Needed*: To ensure governance is representative, accountable, and responsive to the people's needs.


Solved Question Answers:

1. *Why do we need a parliament?*

    - Answer: We need a parliament to have a representative body that makes laws, oversees the government, and ensures accountability.

2. *What are the main functions of parliament?*

    - Answer: The main functions are law-making, controlling the executive, and representing the people's interests.


Textual Exercises:

- *Question: How does parliament exercise control over the executive?*

    - Answer: Through mechanisms like questions, debates, and no-confidence motions.


Chapter 5: Judiciary

Key Points:

- *Role of Judiciary*: The judiciary interprets laws, ensures justice, and acts as a check on the executive and legislature.

- *Independence of Judiciary*: Crucial for ensuring fair and unbiased decision-making.

- *Functions of Judiciary*: Interpreting laws, resolving disputes, and protecting rights.


Solved Question Answers:

1. *What is the role of the judiciary?*

    - Answer: The judiciary interprets laws, ensures justice, and checks the powers of the executive and legislature.

2. *Why is the independence of the judiciary important?*

    - Answer: To ensure that judges can make decisions without external pressure or bias.


Textual Exercises:

- *Question: What do you mean by an independent judiciary?*

    - Answer: An independent judiciary means judges can act freely without interference from the government or other branches, ensuring impartial justice.


Additional Important Terms:

1. *Parliamentary Sovereignty*: The concept that parliament has the ultimate authority to make or change laws.

2. *Judicial Review*: The power of the judiciary to review and potentially invalidate laws or actions of the executive and legislature.

3. *Constituency*: The area represented by a member of parliament.

4. *Impeachment*: The process by which a judge can be removed from office for misconduct.


Very Short Answers:

1. *What is a constituency?*

    - Answer: The area represented by a member of parliament.

2. *What is judicial review?*

    - Answer: The judiciary's power to review and invalidate laws or actions.


Short Answers:

1. *Explain the concept of parliamentary sovereignty.*

    - Answer: Parliamentary sovereignty means parliament has the supreme authority to make or change laws, and its decisions are binding.

2. *Why is judicial independence crucial?*

    - Answer: Judicial independence ensures judges can make unbiased decisions, upholding justice and the rule of law without external pressure.


Long Answers:

1. *Describe the role and functions of parliament in a democratic country like India.*

    - Answer: Parliament plays a crucial role in a democracy like India. Its primary functions include law-making, overseeing the executive branch to ensure accountability, and representing the people's interests. Through debates and discussions, parliament provides a platform for expressing diverse viewpoints, which is essential for a healthy democracy. By making laws, parliament shapes the legal framework of the country, impacting everyday life. Oversight functions, like questioning the executive, ensure the government remains accountable to the people.


2. *Discuss the significance of judicial review in ensuring constitutional governance.*

    - Answer: Judicial review is significant because it allows the judiciary to check the actions of the executive and legislature, ensuring they align with the constitution. This power prevents any branch of government from overstepping its bounds, thereby protecting the rights of citizens and maintaining the balance of power. Through judicial review, the courts can invalidate laws or actions that violate constitutional principles, reinforcing the rule of law and constitutional governance.


Extra Questions:

1. *How does parliament ensure accountability of the executive?*

    - Answer: Through mechanisms like question hour, debates, and no-confidence motions, parliament can scrutinize and hold the executive accountable.

2. *What are the implications of judicial activism?*

    - Answer: Judicial activism can lead to the judiciary playing a more proactive role in shaping policy and ensuring justice, but it can also spark debates about overstepping judicial boundaries.

3. *Can the judiciary review the actions of the parliament? If yes, under what circumstances?*

    - Answer: Yes, the judiciary can review parliamentary actions if they are challenged as being

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